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BBC DVD cover, featuring Andy Serkis as Einstein (top) and David Tennant as Eddington (bottom)Written byDirected byStarringTheme music composerCountry of originUnited KingdomOriginal language(s)EnglishProductionProducer(s)Mark PybusRunning time89 minutesReleaseOriginal networkOriginal release22 November 2008Einstein and Eddington is a British single drama produced by and the, in association with. It featured as British scientist Sir, and as. This is the story of Einstein's, his relationship with Eddington and the introduction of this theory to the world, against the backdrop of the and.It was first broadcast on on 22 November 2008. See also:Eddington finds his research into Einstein's work obstructed by a British ban on the circulation of German scientific literature. Realising that is precessing slightly less than it should be according to, he writes to Einstein despite the ban to inquire into his view on the problem. Einstein's relationship with Elsa deepens, and on receiving Eddington's letter he starts work on this new avenue with, whilst consoling colleague Planck on the loss of his son in the war despite Einstein's lack of belief in a or an afterlife.
They find that Einstein's work agrees with 's orbit where Newton's does not, and send this reply back to Eddington.At the same time, Eddington grieves over Marston, among the 15,000 killed by German use of gas at the, causing doubts in his faith, but leading him to fight all the more loudly against an expulsion of German scientists from the. The expulsion has been initiated by Lodge, whose son was also among the killed and who clings to Newton as a consolation of 'order in the universe', but Eddington is unable to admit to Lodge that he too is grieving for a loved one.News of the gas attack also leads Einstein to an outburst against his fellow scientists, which leads to his being cut off from the university, and — overworking — he falls sick and Elsa leaves him. Even so, he manages to complete his work on and on and gets this result through to Eddington via Planck. Eddington realises he can prove that space and light are being bent by observing the on the west African island of, and with Dyson as an ally, manages to gain funding for his expedition, despite Lodge's initial opposition.
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As the war ends, Eddington's sister and housekeeper, Winifred, sets off to help the relief effort in war-shattered Germany despite her fears as to Eddington's waning faith.The action returns to the Principe expedition, delayed by bad weather until the very last moment, while Einstein briefly returns to his ex-wife and children. Bringing back two photographs from the eclipse to compare to photographs of the night sky in normal conditions, Eddington compares them in public, with Lodge and Winifred in attendance, and not only proves Einstein right but also finds this confirmation reaffirming his faith — as he states, 'I can hear God, thinking'. News of his vindication reaches Einstein, and crowds of press arrive at his door just as Elsa returns to him. A year later, in the closing scene, Einstein visits Cambridge and meets Eddington. The closing credits remark on both scientists' later work, Einstein's celebrity and Eddington's obscurity.Cast.
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(1882–1944)Production Einstein And Eddington is written by and directed by, who both collaborated for the production of, a BBC biopic about the acclaimed physicist. It is produced by and the, with and, Hungary.Location filming occurred at the, and on the of. Acted as consultant (with Francisco Diego as eclipse advisor).Scientific and historical inaccuracies in this film. The opening scene depicts the hauling of astronomical equipment up over rocks on the island of Principe. This did not happen. The eclipse was photographed from the Rosa Sundy plantation which had road access from the port of Santo Antonio. Sir Oliver Lodge did not instruct Eddington to find out about Einstein's work.
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It was de Sitter in Holland who sent Einstein's papers to Eddington, who then wrote a report on his work. Eddington asks for papers by Einstein in the library and is handed one paper with the comment ‘it’s all there is’.
The paper in question was published in Annalen der Physik in 1905 along with four other ground breaking papers by Einstein. The library would have had this very important journal plus many other papers by Einstein published in the decade up to 1914.
Sir Oliver Lodge is given the leading role of criticising Einstein, supporting Newtonian physics. There is no evidence that Lodge was an astronomer or was involved with Einstein. That said, Eddington himself in his memoir ('Space, Time, and Gravitation', CUP 1920, pg 115) records correspondence between himself and Lodge regarding aetheric theory versus relativity; Lodge in fact authored the 'aether' article for Encyclopaedia Brittannica (13th edition), and as a leading physicist his research interests included both its luminiferous and gravitational effects - including its astronomical implications. Lodge is apparently depicted as President of the Royal Astronomical Society. While Lodge served as president (in 1913) of the British Science Association, he most certainly was not president of the Royal Astronomical Society and he did not appoint Eddington to run the Cambridge Observatory. Eddington did not write to Einstein asking him to solve the problem of the anomalous orbit of Mercury. Einstein was already well aware of this problem and in fact solved it entirely on his own, shortly before publishing his final theory.
As Pais in his seminal 1982 biography observes, the complete theory was presented to the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences rather earlier, in November 1915 - and that same month, Einstein accounted for Mercury's perihelion shift. A related point is that Einstein did not collaborate with Planck on solving the Mercury problem. Einstein was helped in the final formulation of his General Theory by David Hilbert. Einstein did not write to Eddington with the solution to the Mercury problem.
Sir Oliver Lodge had no involvement with the granting of the money for the Principe expedition. Eddington did not devise the eclipse experiment to test the bending of starlight. This had been suggested by Einstein years earlier and there had even been unsuccessful expeditions to test the prediction during eclipses in Europe and America. Dyson did not go to Principe with Eddington, it was Edwin Cottingham. At Principe there were not six bad plates and two good ones.
There were 16 plates taken during the eclipse; Eddington wrote in his 1920 memoir that 'Sixteen photographs were obtained. One plate was found showing fairly good images of five stars, which were suitable for a determination'. One more Principe photograph with adequate stellar imaging was developed on return to England, making two 'good ones', from which six stars had measurements taken. Seven plates from the Sobral expedition showed stars on which full measurements could be made. Just seven stars were selected - the same six as at Principe, plus one more.
Unfortunately, other Sobral plates were less useful. While check-plates of the same stellar field ruled out systematic errors for Principe, that was not true of the Sobral photographs, which limited their usefulness. The corresponding Sobral instrument appeared to be afflicted by systematic error ('the definition of the images had been spoiled by some cause, probably distortion of the coelostat-mirror by the heat of the sunshine falling on it'). This left just two plates, from Principe, providing a reliable test. Happily, Eddington added that 'There remained a set of seven plates taken at Sobral with the 4-inch lens.' And the clarity of these allowed for internal checks on consistent stellar radial displacement.
The plates were not first examined in public as depicted in the film. They had been meticulously measured for months previously along with other plates from Sobral in Brazil. Eddington did not look at the plates for the first time in front of a large audience and declare a ‘gap’, thus vindicating Einstein. On the other hand, Eddington wrote that some of the Principe plates were not even developed, let alone examined, till back in England: 'Four plates were brought home undeveloped, as they were of a brand which would not stand development in the hot climate.' . There is no evidence that Sir Arthur Eddington was gay, as intimated in the film. He did remain unmarried till his death; but that is hardly conclusive.References.
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